Pseudomonas and Related Organisms

  • Opportunistic pathogens of plants, animals, and humans
  • Non-fermentative bacilli
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Burkholderia cepacia
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
  • Acinetobacter baumannii
  • Moraxella catarrhalis

Pseudomonas:

  • Opportunistic pathogen:
    • Immunocompromised
    • COPD, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis
    • Burn wounds
    • Trauma to eye
    • Exposure to contaminated water
    • Diabetic, and elderly
    • IV drug users
  • Clinical syndromes:
    • Pulmonary infections
    • Skin infections
    • UTI
    • Ear infections: swimmer's ear and malignant external otitis
    • Eye infections
    • Bacteremia and Endocarditis may cause: ecthyma gangrenosum

    BURKHOLDERIA:

    • B. cepacia and B. pseudomallei: +++
    • B. pickettii:+
    • B. gladioli and mallei: are not pathogens
    • Commonly associated with nosocomial infections

      B. Cepacia: like Pseudomonas but different trt

    • Causes:
      • Respiratory infections (cystic fibrosis, chronic granulomatous disease)
      • UTI
      • Catheter related-Septicemia
      • Other opportunistics
      • P. cepacia is most susceptible to TMP/SMX eventhough other antibiotics may show in vitro activities(poor vivo response)

      B. pseudomallei:

      • Causes melioidosis
      • Rare in the WEST

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILA:

  • S. maltophilia
  • Opportunistic pathogen
  • Resistant to most commonly used beta-lactam and aminoglycosides
  • Patients receiving long term antibiotic therapy at high risk
  • May cause: bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, wound infections, UTI.
  • Most active agent: TMX/SMX
  • Other abx: chloramphenicol and ceftazidime.

ACINETOBACTER:
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